• The work of a scientist
• Realising the limitations of science knowledge

• Carry out a simple scientific investigation

• Given the information of transmission routes of SARS, write a detective story on the incidence of spread of SARS in Amoy Garden.

• Main part of respiratory system

• Search information on SARS to find out how the respiratory system is affected.

• Food pyramid
• Advantages of doing exercise: improving the functions of the heart and lungs
• Rest helps to recover both physically and mentally

• Conduct a project on the importance of balanced diet, personal hygiene, exercise and rest on health body (e.g. use SARS as an example to illustrate the case).

• The existence of virus as a non-cellular entity

• Study the structure of the virus related to SARS.

• The general plan of the human breathing system
• The process of gaseous exchange in the air sacs
• The adaptive features of the air sacs in gaseous exchange

• Search information on SARS to find out how the breathing system is affected

• Concentration of solutions

• Perform calculations involving dilution of chlorine bleach (e.g. concentration of solution with 1 part bleach and 49 (or 99) parts water).

• Uses of chlorine and hypochlorite.
• Sodium hypochlorite as the active ingredient in chlorine bleach.
• Properties and reactions of sodium hypochlorite: (a) bleaching action, (b) reaction with dilute acids.
• Potential hazards associated with the use of chlorine bleach.

• Search for information on the uses of chlorine bleach as disinfectants in the control of infectious diseases.
• Perform experiments to investigate the properties and reactions of chlorine and hypochorite.
• Design a poster to promote the safe use of chlorine bleach.
• Search for information on the alternative disinfection technologies e.g. ozone, chlorine dioxide and ultraviolet radiation

• The general plan of the human breathing system

• Search information on SARS to find out how the breathing system is affected.

• The protective function of the skin, the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract and the gastric juice
• An outline of an inflammatory response and its significance in relation to body defence
• A simple account of the nature of immune response including the action of antigens and antibodies
• Naturally acquired and artificially acquired immunity

• Discuss the effectiveness of the protective measures against SARS.

• An introduction to bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa as disease-causing microorganisms (Detailed knowledge of the structure and physiology of the microorganisms and the symptoms of the diseases are NOT required.)
• The spread of infectious disease by air, water, food, vectors and by contact. The importance of personal hygiene
• Effect of disinfectants on the growth of bacteria

• Using SARS as an example of disease caused by virus.
• Conduct a case to study the routes of transmission of SARS, e.g. in local housing estate.
• Search information on the effects of various disinfectant on the virus causing SARS.

• A general introduction to chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy and physiotherapy
• The nature of antibiotics and their proper administration
• Effect of antibiotics on the growth of bacteria

• Search information of the medical treatment of SARS.

• The meaning of endemic and epidemic. The changing pattern of diseases in modern society
• The significance of immunization in the control of infectious diseases

• Using SARS as an example of epidemic outbreak.
• Search information on the development of vaccine against SARS.
• Use SARS as an example to illustrate the limitation of immunization programmes.

• Types and causes of diseases
  

• Conduct a project on the contribution and limitation of the technological advances and scientific discoveries to the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and monitoring of some diseases (e.g. SARS).

• Causes and prevention of infectious diseases
  

• Search information on pathogens causing SARS.
• Conduct a case study on the spread of the SARS in any local area.
• Discuss whether our body could defend against the entry of pathogens.
• Search information on the development of vaccine against SARS.
• Using SARS as an example to illustrate the limitation of immunization programmes.
• Using SARS as an example to study ways to control infectious diseases.
• Search information on the efforts of the tertiary institutes, the local and international health organizations (WHO, CDC) in the control of SARS in the early days of the outbreak.

• Diseases of current concern
  

• Find information about diseases of current concern (e.g. SARS), include the symptoms, the treatment/ controls, and the transmission route if any.
• Debate the effectiveness of control measures of such diseases.

• Community health services
  

• Debate the controlling measures of such diseases, e.g. home quarantine, personal hygiene, disclosing the addresses of the patients.
• Suggest measures to raise public awareness and commitment in promoting community health

• An awareness that household chemicals are used to promote good hygiene

• Conduct a survey on the active ingredients of commercial disinfectant products.
• Conduct a project on comparison of commercial bleaches.

• the outline of the principle of DNA fingerprinting, and its forensic use, e.g. parentage test

• Study how DNA fingerprinting and PCR are applied to the identification of SARS infection.

• the routes of transmission of pathogens: air (e.g. common cold and influenza), water or food (e.g. cholera), vector (e.g. malaria), body fluids (e.g. hepatitis B, AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs))
• the biological principles of the prevention and control of transmissible diseases

• Study the routes of transmission of SARS, e.g. a case study the incidence in Amoy Garden.
• Conduct a project on the prevention measures in controlling SARS

6.3.1 Nonspecific defence mechanisms
6.3.2 Specific defence mechanisms

• the roles of the skin, mucus and other secretions, cilia, blood clotting, phagocytosis and inflammatory response in defence
• an outline of the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses including an understanding of the terms: antigen, antibody, lymphocytes (B and T cells) and memory cell; primary and secondary responses
• the active and passive immunity
• the principle of vaccination

• Search information on the development of vaccine against SARS.